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BSS DIPLOMA IN X-RAY TECHNOLOGY - TWO YEAR

FIRST YEAR - PAPER-1 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

1 MARKS

I Fill in the blanks:
1.  _______ is the longest and heaviest bone in the body
2. The covering of heart is called______
3. The type of shoulder joint is called________
4. Total number of bones in the human body is_______
5. The length of oesophagus is________
6. ________is the largest segment in the human body
7. The number of skull bone is_______
8. _______is the lateral bone in the leg
9. The study of bone is called_______
10. The temporary teeth are called_______
11. Movable bone of skull is _______
12. There are_________number of vertebra in our body
13. The largest gland is the body_______
14. ________is the largest blood vessel in our body
15. The normal weight of heart is ________
16. The study of joints is called_______
17. Maxilla is a_______ type of bone
18. The outer covering of bone is called_______
19. The shortage of O2 in the body is called_________
20. The study of bones is called_______

2 MARKS

I.  ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS;

1. Joint
2. Anatomy
3. Anatomical position
4. Fertilization
5. Anabolism
6. Curves of the vertebral column
7. Gall bladder
8. Arteries of the upper limb
9. The femur
10. Facial bones
11. C N S
12. W B C
13. Tissues
14. Orthology
15. Elbow joint
16. Blood
17. Spinal cord
18. Function of the heart
19. Urirary B ladder
20. Function of the heart

5 MARKS


II.  ANSWER THE FOLLOWING

1. Functions of the muscles
2. Skeleton of the lower limb
3. Ribs
4. Pelvic girdle
5. Blood
6. Vertebral column
7. Lungs
8. Skeletal system
9. Describe scapula
10. Sacrum
11. Working of heart
12.Femur
13.Cervical vertebras
14. Anatomical feature of typical vertebrae
15. Structure of eye
16. Urinary system

15 MARKS

III.  ESSAY

1. The digestive system
2. Describe the skull bone with the help of neat diagram
3. Explain urinary system with the help of neat diagram
4. Describe the respiratory system with diagram
5. Write the different parts of brain with their function
6. Describe the cross section of the heart?
7. Classification of bones structure of the bone?
8. The circulation of the blood?
9. Write briefly about the epithelial tissue?
10. Write the structure of the he


PAPER-2 ELECTRICITY PHYSICS

1 MARKS

I.  Fill in the blanks:

1. Voltage of safe bulb________walls
2. Filament current is known as________
3. Maximum kilovoltage used in diagnostic________
4. The unit of electricity power is_______
5. The unit of resistance is________
6. The measurement of diagnostic room is________
7. The dynamo converts mechanical energy to__________energy
8. One horse power is_______Walt
9.________is used for measure the radiation exposure
10. X-ray levels at the same speed of________
11. Neutrons posses_______charge
12. The material used as the filament in x-ray table________
13. Electrolysis is a________effect of electricity
14.________is the cathode ends of the x-ray table
15. The resistance of a insulator is________
16. Filamant current is known as_________
17. A magnet attracts and holds_______is does not attract copper
18. The word “Magnetism” has been derived from_______
19.________is given by Lenz’s law
20. Dynamo is based on the principle of _________induction


2 MARKS

II.  DEFINE THE FOLLOWING:

1. Ohm’s law
2. Electron wolf
3. Photo timer
4. Insulator
5. Conductors
6. Fluoroscopy
7. What is power
8. Trans former
9. Capacitor
10. Amphere
11. Film badge
12. What is force
13. MRI
14. Force
15. Lenz’s law
16. Ionization
17. Function of fixer
18. What is current
19. Amphere
20. Define capacitor

5 MARKS

III.  WRITE PARAGRAPH:

1. Timers in x-ray machine
2. Advantages of rotating anode over stationary anode
3. Properties of x-ray
4. Working and principles of dynamo
5. Electro magnetic induction
6. Joule’s law and Lenz’s law
7. Faraday’s law of electro magnetic induction
8. Grids describe in detail
9. Energy
10. Thermionic emission
11. Conductors and insulators
12. Describe Coolidge tube
13. State and explain Fleming’s right hand rule
14. State the heating effect of current joule’s law
15. Explain faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
16. Photo electric effect


15 MARKS

IV.  ESSAY:

1. Describe about x-ray tube and its working with the help of diagram?
2. Write brief account about magnetism?
3. Describe atom?
4. Draw a diagram of stationary anode x-ray illustrates and explain different parts?
5. Give the working principle of AC and DC dynamo or generator?
6. Explain magnetic flux, ammeter and voltmeter?
7. Explain about conductors and insulators?
8. State the types of magnetic materials and explain them in detail?
9. State and explain faradays laws of electrolysis?
10. Give the Lenz’s law and explain it with Fleming’s right hand rule?


PAPER- 3 RADIOLOGY PHYSICS


1 MARKS

FILL IN THE BLANKS:

1. X-rays travel in ________line
2. X-ray discovered by_______in the year 1895
3. A magnet has always_______poles
4. The unit of resistance is________
5. Velocity of x-rays is _________
6. The target inclination is________
7.________is the length of two successive points
8. Dental x-ray machines use ________type of anode
9._______beam is known as central ray
10. The head of the x-ray film is________
11. The unit of exposure is_________
12.1 R A D =_________
13. The unit of dose equivalent is________
14. R B E =________
15. H =________
16. The harmful effects of radiation may be classified as________
17. A film badge is used to measure________
18. The BARC supplest the film for a period of_________
19. The film badge has some disadvantages such as________
20. Resolution is usually measured in lore’s pain________


2 MARKS
II  WRITE A FOLLOWING

1. Roentgen
2. Absorbed dose
3. REM
4. Radiation protection
5. Radiation units
6. Explain about deterministic effects
7. What is equalent dose
8. What do you mean heal effect
9. What are the limitations of roentgen
10. How will you protect your self by radiation protection
11. What is the unit of radiation
12. Explain K (mass) (KVP) 2
         ____________
     d2
    K =
    Mass =
    Kup =
    d =
13. What are the types of x-rays
14. Different type of energy
15. Adhesion
16. Radio waves
17. Film badge
18. Film structure
19. Ruther ford experiment of scattering of a particles
20. Thermionic emission


5 MARKS

1. Explain the five type of lumineense?
2. Give a brief description about personel monitoring systems?
3. What are the guidelines for using film badges?
4. Give the maximum permissible dose (table 3)?
5. What are the sources of radiation?
6. What are the plans of a radiation instantiation?
7. Give the table of radiation sources and levels?
8. What do you mean by medical diagnostic and therepeutic radiation?
9. Stationary anode x-ray tube?
10. Tangsten target material?
11. Rotating anode?
12. Intensifying screens?
13. Uses of x-ray?
14. What are all the radiation units-explain?
15. Biological effects?


15 MARKS

ESSAY

1. Write about medical radiation dose and exposure?
2. Write about film baronage and its guidelines?
3. Descript pocket dosimeter, image quality, contrast, noise, sharphessand resolutions?
4. What are the effects of radiation explain in detail?
5. Describe the x-ray tube with diagram?
6. Write about magnet and properties of magnet?
7. What are the plans of radiation installation?
8. Define luminescence, fluoresence and phosphorescence?


PAPER-4

POSITIONING IN RADIOGRAPHY

1 MARKS

I.  Fill in the blanks;

1. Lying on the side is called_______position?
2. Potter –Becky is associated________?
3._________medicine is used for H.S.G.?
4._________is the radiographic study of cardio vascular system of the body?
5._________is the centering line of Para nasal sinus?
6. The commonly used FFD is _________?
7. Lyingon back is called _________position?
8. The main fixing agent is_________?
9. To move the part towards the body called________?
10. The basic view for shoulder________?
11. Film size of dorsal spine is________?
12. Exposure settings (i.e.) grid is used in case of shoulder say yes or no_____?
13. Film size of mastoid –schuller position or lateral oblique view is______?
14. Central ray is directed vertically to the elbow joint and film centre in case of_____?
15. Exposure factored of shoulder joint is ________m as?
16  Film size of mandible lateral oblique view is _______?
17. Central ray is central of _______and_______in case of elbow joint?
18. Plase the patient in kneeling position on the film in case of________?
19. Exposure factors of bone is______KV?
20. Central ray is directed vertically through_______process in case of shoulder (AP)?


2 MARKS
II.  DEFINE THE FOLLOWING

1. Write the exposure factors of dorsal vertebrae lateral view?
2. Write the position of atlas and axis anteroom posterior (open mouth) view?
3. Write the position of sterna clavicular articulation?
4. Write the position of foot (AP-view)?
5. Write about the exposure factors of shoulder joint (Axial projection)?
6. Position of part for the animal view of colcannon?
7. Position of part for the AP view of forearm?
8. Exposure settings for humorous in AP view?
9. UI near deviation of write bending position?
10. Radial deviation for of write bending position?
11. Radiography?
12. Photography?
13. Pathology?
14. X-ray film?
15. Base line?
16. Preparation for positioning?
17. Gonad shield?
18. Scaphoid view?
19. Write joint PA?
20. Parposer of barium meal?


5 MARKS
III.  WRITE THE FOLLOWING

1. Skull lateral?
2. Composition of developer?
3. Mandible?
4. Cervical vertebrae?
5. Naso pharynges grapy?
6. Limbar vertebrae AP and lateral view?
7. Bronchography?
8. Chest PA view?
9. Sternan lateral?
10. Draw the dorsal spine (AP view)?
11. Draw the sacrum and S.I.joint AP view?
12. Draw the cervical spine(LV)?
13. Write about right elbow-lateral view?
14. Write about left hand oblique view?
15. Explain about left wrist AP view?
16. Draw the left knee AP view?

15 MARKS
IV.  ESSAY

1. Briefly explain about abdomen:
   APV, prone oblique view, LV, pregnancy,(prone oblique view)?
2. Write about dorsal vertebrae (APV) and draw the dorsal spine (LV)?
3. Shoulder joint (AP) and AP (external rotation)?
4. Write about chest for ribs lateral oblique view –spine /prone?
5. Explain the intravenous cerography?
6. Protection of patient in diagnostic department?
7. Draw the diagram of skull and describe the bones of skull?
8. Describe chest radiography and positioning?
9. Describe sterno davicular arithculation?
10. Describe patella radiography anterior oblique view?


PAPER -5
DARK ROOM TECHNIQUE

1 MARKS
I.  FILL IN THE BLANKS;

1. Thicknees of emulsion layer is________?
2. An intensifying screen converts energy of x-ray beam into________?
3.________is commonly used for hardener?
4. High definition screens are also known as ________screens?
5. Dark room should films well protected against_________?
6. Single coated film is common used in__________?
7._______is used to developer for prevent fog?
8. The outer most covering of film is________?
9. Sodium thio sulphate is used as _________agent?
10.________radiations is harmful to our body?
11. Draw room is called_________?
12. A dental x-ray equipment operating unto_________?
13. Radiations may induce break in the __________?
14. Draw room is connected to the x-ray room by________?
15. The _______M as?
16. Film size of mandible lateral oblique view is_______?
17. Central ray is centre of_______and__________in case of elbow joint?
18. Place the patient in kneeling portion on the film in case of_______?
19. Exposure factors of nasal bone is_________KV?
20. Central ray is directed vertically through________process in case of shoulder?


2 MARKS
II.  DEFINE THE FOLLOWING (AP)

1. Write the exposure factors of dorsal vertebrae lateral view?
2. Write the position of atlas and axis antero posterior (open mouth) view?
3. Write the position of sterno clavicle articulation?
4. Write the position of foot (AP-view)?
5. Write about the exposure factors of shoulder joint (Axial projection)?
6. Netscape?
7. Dry side?
8. X-ray loby?
9. Pass box?
10. Pensity of film?
11. Safe light?
12. Rinser?
13. Manser?
14. Agitation in developing?
15. Difference between photography stadiography?
16. Exhaustion of fixcer?
17. Position of abdomen (erect view)?
18. Draw the KUB antero posterior view?
19. Write short on humerus (AP)?
20. Write about scupula (LV)?


5 MARKS

III.  WRITE A PARAGRAPH

1. Draw the dorsal spine (AP view)?
2. Draw the sacrum and S.I.joint AP view ?
3. Draw the cervical spine (LV)?
4. Write about right elbow –lateral view?
5. Write about left hand oblique view?
6. Explain above left wrist AP view?
7. Draw the left knee AP view?
8. Draw the chest postero anterior view?
9. Automating processing?
10. Intensfying screen?
11. Packing storage of film?
12. Type of film?
13. Fog in film?
14. Illumination in dark room?
15. Functions of fixer?
16. Image unhappiness?


15 MARKS
IV.  ESSAY

1. Brefly explains about abdomen;
   APV, prone oblique view, LV, pregnancy,(prone oblique view)?
2. Write about dorsal vertebrae (APV) and draw the dorsal spine (LV)?
3. Shoulder joint (AP) and AP (external rotation)?
4. Write about chest for ribs (AP) and ribs lateral oblique view spine/prone?
5. The constituents of developer ?
6. Write the aid of diagram describe the goes section of the double cooded x-ray?
   Film and the preparation of emulsion
7. Describe the constriction of dark noon ?
8. Explain the different steps in film processing?


DIPLOMA IN X-RAY TECHNOLOGY -  SECOND YEAR
PAPER I: SPECIAL RADIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS

1 MARK

I FILL UPS:

1. Intravenous pyelography is a useful technique in the morphological analysis of _________ tract &abdominal diseases
2. Micturating cystourethrography can be done during _________ or ______
3. The prostatic urethra is usually about _______ indineter
4. Oral cholesystograply is the screening procedure used in diaguosis suspected _________
5. Oesophagus can be divided into ________ ________,________ portion of oesophague
6. Hysteros _______ examination couriets of opacification of uterus and  __________
7.  _________ is used to visualize the bronchial tree
8. Brochography is an important aid for diaguoris and localization of lung direases
9. _______ _________ is employed when the gall bladder is not visualized by oral chale cyetography
10. Renal function abnormalities may be evaluated by _______ _________

2 MARKS

1. Nephrogran
2. Pylvgran
3. Cystogran
4. Ureters
5. Oesophagns
6. Sinogram
7. Indications for sialography
8. Bronchography
9. Main factors in Radiography
10. Lateral View
11. Towne View

5 MARKS

1. Plain x-ray abdomen
2. Intravenous Pyelography
3. Micturiting Cysto urethrogram
4. Draw the structure of Iv pyelography
5. Oral Cholecystography
6. Barium meal upper GI tract.
7. Draw the structure of stomach
8. Small intestine
9. Double contrast Barium Enema
10. Hystero salpinography
11. Sialography
12. Radiological examination of heart
13. Radiography of Laryngo pharynx


15 MARKS
1. Explain Barium meal whole G.I. tract, Barium swallow and barium enema.
2. Briefly about Oral cholecystogram, I.V cholecystogram, T.tube cholecystogram.
3. Explain about Bronchogram and sialogram.
4. Explain Hysterical Phonograms(HSG).
5. Explain Renal angiogram, cardio angiogram.
6. Explain Intravenous polygram.
7. Explain Myelogram & Laryngography.


PAPER  II  RADIATION HAZARDS & SAFETY MEASURES IN RADIATION PROTECTION

1 MARKS
I FILL IN THE BLANKS:

1. Ionizing radiation is used to produce _______
2. ALARA means_______
3. Repeat Radiograph will lead to _______
4. _____removes the low energy photons.
5. To minimize the patient dose an appropriate _____an be used .
6. TLD means _________
7. MPD means ______
8. ______ is a method of treatment.
9. ________ is the brachy therapy source.
10. ________ is a photographic science.
11. In step wedge method an _______ is used.
12. The optical density of densitometery OD=_______________
13. The expansion of S.S.D is ________
14. The log of opacity is called ________
15. P.D.D =______________X 100.
16. Opacity = ______
17. Film Gamma =______
18. Dose means ______
19. Film Badge Used for _______
20. Exposure is called as ______

2 MARKS

1. Film badge
2. Radiation
3. Dosimeter
4. Ionizing Radiation
5. MPD
6. Late effects of radiation
7. Occupational Exposure
8. Head and Its uses
9. Protective devices
10. Fluoroscpy
11. Safety test
12. Sensitometry
13. Equivalent dose
14. Radiation
15. Maximum permissible dose
16. Lead aprons & Gonads
17. Gonad Shield
18. Grids
19. Care of aprons & gloves
20. Heat in X-ray equipment.


5 MARKS

1. What are the methods used against radiation.
2. Describe the fluoroscopy protection.
3. What are the immediate effects of radiation
4. Use of personal monitoring devices
5. How the radiographer can control the radiation dose.
6. Describe the radiation protection in x-ray dpt.
7. Sources of Radiation
8. Characteristic curve
9. Late and immediate effects of radiation
10. Apron protection for the patient
11. Ionisation chambers and Grids
12. Personal monitoring devices
13. Thermo Luminescent Dosiometer
14. Heat and three ways of heat transfer, P.P.D and S.S.D
15. Gamma of X-ray film
16. Radium -226, Cesium – 137, Cobalt – 60.


15 MARKS

1. Radiation Protection & Radiation Hazards
2. Sensitometry, Sensitometer and densitometer
3. Maximum permissible dose and isodose charts and its used
4. X-Ray tube calibration
5. Explain the safety measures in radiation protection
6. What are the effects of radiation
7. Methods of protection against radiation.
8. Explain about Maximum permissible dose
9. Radiation protection in fluoroscopic procedure
10. Explain about occupational exposure and occasional exposure.


PAPER III  HOSPITAL PRACTICE AND PATIENT CARE

1 MARKS

I FILL IN THE BLANKS:

1. Contrast medium is _______ substance.
2. A good contrast medium must be ______
3. ______ is very important for cleanness  of department.
4. A ______ is signed before the special procedure.
5. _______ type of C.M. is hypertonic.
6.  ________ drug used in the x-ray department.
7. Positive contrast medium ________
8. Name any one sedation____
9. Name  the side effect in the contrast medium ______
10. Patient care is different for ____, ________


2 MARKS

1.  Reactions
2.  Renal colic
3.  Respiratory arrest
4.  Sedation
5.  Conscent form
6.  Immobilization
7.  Patient care of children
8.  What are the reactions of contrast media
9.  How are the reactions can be reduced by treatment.
10. Contrast media
11. Uses of contrast media
12. Positive contrast media
13. Administration of C.M.
14. Patient care  for children
15. Name any two Drugs used in x-ray department.


5 MARKS

1. Patient care for children
2. Patient care  for infants
3. Side effects of contrast media
4. Classification  of reactions of contrast media
5. Hygiene on the x-ray treatment.
6. What are the drugs required in x-ray treatment.
7. Briefly describe the preparation of patient for special procedure.
8. Radiographic equipments.
9. Difference between positive and negative contrast media
10. Briefly about positive contrast media.


15 MARKS

IV FIFTEEN MARKS:

1.  Explain the patient care mainly infants and children
2.  Contrast media and its disorders.
3.  What are the preparations for special procedure.
4.  Explain about positive contrast media and negative contrast media.
5.  Explain about  Hygiene on the x-ray department.


PAPER  IV  RADIOGRAPHIC PHYSICS

1 MARKS

I FILL IN THE BLANKS:
1. Bucky devices used to reduce _______
2. Anode of x-ray tube is maid by _______
3. Photographix affects can be increased by using ______
4. x-rays are discovered by ______
5. Target is made up of ______metal.
6. ______ x-ray tube used in MRI.
7. The resolving power  of ______ is more as compared to radiograph.
8. The gas field detector contain _________ gas for ionization  purposes.
9. The optic foreman is well – demonstrated anterior – posterior view of skull keeping x-ray tube ______ to the film.
10. The patient should be asked go to toilet ____ contrast in intravenous pyelograph.
11. The ________ salt used in urographin(contrast media) in sodium and maglumine diatrizoate.
12. The _________ to the patient considerable increased in high kilovoltage technique.
13. The ______ produces distinct objectionable grid lines on the radiograph.
14. Nucleus of hydrogen atom contains normally one neutron and ______
15. The pitting of anode is caused by ______ of tube.
16. _____ is the para magnetic substance.
17. Form of p-N junction is called______
18. Coloumb’s inverse square law is  F=______
19. The filament  is_______ in vacuum tube diode.
20. The conversion of Ac in Dc, is called ______.


2 MARKS

II TWO MARKS:

1. Voltmeter
2. Exposure
3. MAS
4. Target
5. Filament
6. Radiation
7. Ammeter
8. Exposure times
9. Circuit breaker
10. Main voltage compensator
11. Mobile unit
12. Portable Unit
13. Dental unit
14. C.T.
15. USU
16. MRT
17. What is contrast CT scan
18. Explain IV contrast study
19. Radiation dose of CT scan
20. Roentgen


5 MARKS

1. Milliampere
2. Secondary Radiation
3. Thermonic Emission
4. Control panel
5. Portable unit and its uses
6. Miniature circuit breaker
7. Radiation hazards.
8. Electro magnetic radiation
9. What is MRI? When MRI used.
10. What is Ultra sound? Benefits during pregnancy.
11. What is ground ultrasound imaging and what are the uses of ultrasound images.
12. Explain – 3.0 TESLA MRI.
13. Explain Radiation  effects.
14. What are the feathers of advantages of X-RAY, PET, CT, MRI>
15. Which parts of the body CT scanner used. Which types of problem Ct scan diagnostic and how long it takes.
16. Write down description of facet diseases .


15 MARKS


1.  Explain the modern equipments in the radiology.
2.  Describe the control panel and its accessories
3.  What are the special equipments used in the x-ray units.
4.  Describe Ct scan of Brain parameters with basic anatomy & pathology. (console,gantry also).
5.  Explain Ct scan abdomen with contrast study and patients preparation.
6.  Explain: PNS with position and general information/ parameters.
7.  Explain: Vertebrae . Full sketch of vertebrae. (c.spine to coccyx.).
8.  Explain a. NPH b.CNOM c.IHBR d.SDH e. ICH
9.  Write Any three pathology? ( eye, ear, nose).
10.  Explain Helical Ct scan and Conventional Ct scan .Difference between Helical CT scan and Spiral Ct scan.


PAPER  V - E.C.G AND RADIO DIAGNOSIS AND IMAGING SERVICES

1 MARKS

I FILL IN THE BLANKS:

1. E.C.G is the record of electrical activity of _______
2. The heart has ______ chambers.
3. Cardiac impulse originated at the ______
4. The limb electrodes are placed on the ______
5. ______ are displayed in six limb leads.
6. ______ is the father of E.C.G.
7. The instrument used  for recording E.C.G wave form is called______
8. ______ is the normal speed of E.C.G
9. ______ was the Brachy therapy source.
10. Gamma energy of cesium-137 is ____MEV.
11. the half  life period of Radium -226 is ________ years.
12. Sensitometry introduced by ______ and ______
13. Film Gamma =______
14. The _____ produces distinct objectionable grid lines on the radiograph.
15. The resolving power of ______ is more as compared to radiograph.
16. ______ is the normal heart beat.
17. The paste used for E.C.G  purpose is known as ______
18. ______ plays an essential role in the diagnosis & investigation of heart disease.
19. _____ is the main artery in the body.
20. A faster heart rate is called____


2 MARKS

1. Electrocardiogram
2. E.C.G of one cardiac cycle
3. PR interval.
4. How to record an E.C.G
5. Mamography
6. A.V. node
7. X-ray room.
8. Cardiac rhythm
9. QRS complex
10. Exercise test.
11. Sinus rhythm
12. S.A node
13. Trial block
14. MRT
15. Cardiac cycle.
16. What is contrast Ct study.
17. Barium test.
18. Sino atrial block
19. Ultra sound
20. Computed tomography


5 MARKS

1. Briefly   describe the position of E.C.G leads.
2. What are the Chest leads.
3. Advantages of E.C.G exercise test.
4. Computed Tomography.
5. Abnormal Electro Cardiogram.
6. Describe about the patient waiting area.
7. Normal ECG
8. Transmission and emission of X-ray.
9. Transmission and emission of ultrasound.
10.Equipment maintenance.
11. Equipment management plan.
12. Hygiene  of the  X-ray department.
13. Care of the Ct centre.
14. Technical area in X-ray department.
15. Magnetic  Resonance imaging.
16. Preparation  of patient for exercise testing etc


15 MARKS

1. How to record a normal E.C.G
2. What are the equipemtns required for E.C.G
3. Disorders of cardiac rhythm
4. Explain about Exercise Test.
5. Explain about planning and organizing radio diagnosis and imaging service.
6. Explain about procurement and planning.
7. Explain about transmission and emission of Ct & Ultrasound.
8. Explain about abnormal E.C.G.
9. How will you take E.C.G . Explain the preparation of patient for taking E.C.G.
10.Draw the diagram of heart and explain its functions.